Terminology

HFpEF is heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

NICE CKS - Heart failure: chronic

BMJ Best Practice - Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder that leads to abnormal blood vessel formation:

• Telangiectasia: in the skin and mucous membranes (red or purple spots under the skin)
• Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs): in organs such as the lungs, liver and brain

The most common problem is nosebleeds (epistaxis), acute GI blood loss, and chronic GI blood loss, leading to IDA.

Management may include iron supplementation, blood transfusion, laser treatment for telangiectasia and embolisation or surgery for AVMs.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) damages cells in the immune system. Once acquired, HIV persists for life. There is no cure, but antiretroviral drugs can control infection and stop transmission to others. HIV can be transmitted in a number of ways, all of which are preventable.

HIV can lead to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Sexwise - HIV

NICE CKS - HIV infection and AIDS

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is a hormone-based system that regulates the body’s reaction to stress.

High-resolution computerised tomography (HRCT) is a high-resolution form of CT, used most commonly for interstitial lung diseases.

Radiopaedia - HRCT

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a form of hormone therapy used to treat symptoms associated with menopause, including hot flushes and night sweats, vaginal dryness, reduced sex drive, and bone loss.

NICE Guideline (NG23) - Menopause: diagnosis and management

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is Great Britain's independent regulator for work-related health, safety and illness. HSE also researches occupational risks, producing statistics, and enforces the law surrounding health and safety at work.

HSE website

Haemolytic-Uraemic Syndrome (HUS) is a group of blood disorders mainly affecting infants and children. 

HUS is characterised by low red blood cells, AKI, and low platelets. Bloody diarrhoea is a common early symptom - kidney problems and low platelets then occur as the diarrhoea is improving. 

Most cases occur after infectious diarrhoea due to E. coli O157:H7.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (UC).

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common condition affecting the digestive system.

NICE CKS - Irritable bowel syndrome