Terminology

Motor neurone disease (MND) is a group of rare neurodegenerative conditions that progressively damage the motor neurones. Messages from the motor neurones gradually stop reaching voluntary muscles, leading to muscle weakness and wasting.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of MND.

MND is life-limiting and there is no cure.

MND Association - What is MND?

Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a rare genetic form of diabetes caused by a mutation in an autosomal dominant gene disrupting insulin production. MODY is also known as monogenic diabetes. There are many forms of MODY, depending on the gene affected.

MODY affects around 1-2% of people with diabetes.

The charity Diabetes UK lists the key features of MODY as: being diagnosed with diabetes under the age of 25; having a parent with diabetes, with diabetes in two or more generations; not necessarily needing insulin.

MODY - Diabetes UK

Membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP(UK))

RCPE information on MRCP(UK)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging modality, particularly useful for soft tissues, which does not involve ionising radiation.

Radiopaedia - MRI

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease: the insulating cover of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord (myelin) is attacked by the body's immune system.

There are three main types of MS:

• Relapsing-remitting: isolated attacks (relapses) are followed by recovery (remission)
• Secondary progressive: starting as relapsing-remitting, this type later progressively worsens without remission
• Primary progressive: a steady worsening from the onset, without remissions.

Signs/symptoms are unpredictable, but can include fatigue, optic neuritis and other visual disturbance, weakness of limbs, pain, bowel and bladder problems, and sexual problems.

NICE CKS - MS

The Mental State Examination (MSE) is used to assess a patient's emotions, thoughts, and behaviour. Present mental state informs differential diagnosis and can allow risk assessment. 

Student BMJ article on MSE

Mid-stream specimen of urine

The Medical Training Initiative (MTI) and International Medical Training Fellowship Programme (IMTF) are ran by the College and allow international (non-EU) junior and middle-grade doctors to train and work in the UK for up to two years, whilst enabling NHS Boards and Trusts to fill rota gaps with high quality staff.

RCPE MTI/IMTF information

Minimum unit pricing (MUP) is a policy aimed at improving public health by reducing alcohol consumption and thus alcohol-related harm, disease and death.

SHAAP champions MUP in Scotland (introduced in May 2018).

N&V refers to Nausea and Vomiting.