Terminology

Coronary heart disease (CHD), previously called ischaemic heart disease (IHD), occurs when the coronary arteries are narrowed by a build-up of fatty material within their walls, limiting oxygen delivery to the heart.

NB: CHD may also refer to congenital heart disease.

BHF - Coronary heart disease

Capabilities in Practice (CiPs) are learning outcomes for internal medicine training (IMT) that cover the key professional activities expected of a fully-trained physician.

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare and fatal degenerative brain disorder. CJD is a prion disease and there are four main types: 

• Sporadic CJD: the most common type, the precise cause is unclear
• Variant CJD: caused by consuming BSE-infected beef
• Familial or inherited CJD
• Iatrogenic CJD

Creatinine kinase (CK) is an enzyme expressed by various tissues, particularly in muscles.

CK is measured as a marker of damage of CK-rich tissue such as in rhabdomyolysis (severe muscle breakdown) and muscular dystrophy. CK used to be used to diagnose MI but has been replaced by troponin.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is typically staged - mild-moderate (stages 1-3) and severe (stages 4/5) CKD.

NICE CKS - Chronic kidney disease

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a type of blood cancer that affects B lymphocytes and tends to progress slowly over many years.

CLL mostly affects people over the age of 60.

CLL is often asymptomatic and found on routine blood tests.

Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment, if needed.

Cancer Research UK - CLL

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer where too many myeloid cells are produced – immature white blood cells that are not fully developed and do not work properly.

CML tends to progress slowly over many years.

CML can occur at any age, but is most common in older adults around 60-65 years of age.

The main treatment for CML are tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib.

CML is classically associated with the Philadelphia chromosome.

Cancer Research UK - CML

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that is usually harmless (but poses a risk to developing babies and people with immunodeficiency). CMV persists for life.

CNS refers to the central nervous system , consisting of the brain and spinal cord (in contrast to the PNS, the peripheral nervous system).

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the name for a group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties.

NICE CKS - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease